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HTML Tutorial - Complete basic guide for Beginners

 

what is html

What is HTML?

  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
  • HTML describes the structure of a Web page
  • HTML consists of a series of elements
  • HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
  • HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc.

Is HTML a programming language?

HTML is called as a markup language that is different from a programming language. Its full form is Hypertext Markup Language. Now, What is a markup language?, What is Hypertext? How is it different from programming language? Let's explain each term and start our HTML tutorial:

  • Hypertext: Hypertext means, text with a link embedded in it. If you click on that link, it will open a new webpage. Apart from text, hypertext may contain HTML tables, HTML lists, HTML forms, HTML images, etc.
  • Markup language: Markup language uses tags to define elements within a document. It contains familiar words that are human-readable like forms, tables, links, titles, etc. Every tag in a markup language has a special meaning of its own and performs a particular operation.

In conclusion, HTML is not a programming language. A programming language uses logic to produce a result, it use conditional statements, variables, functions, etc. Whereas HTML is a markup language, that create structures using tags for the data presentation. There is no logic or algorithm involved.

Short HTML History

Let's quickly see the historical facts about HTML-

  • Sir Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML in late 1989, and he is considered as the Father of HTML.
  • In 1996, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) became the authority to maintain the HTML specifications.
  • It became an international standard (ISO) in 2000.

Features of HTML

Before diving deep into this complete HTML tutorial, it is necessary to get some fundamentals right. As a beginner, you should be aware of features and functionalities of HTML. Only then you will be able to take interest in HTML coding. Let's discuss the most important features of HTML:

  • It develops the structure of a webpage. All the blocks and elements present in a website, exist because of HTML.
  • Simple human-readable tags represent elements in a webpage. Hence, they are easy to remember.
  • It is universally supported by all browsers. It is a standard markup language for website development.
  • HTML 5 can give support in enhancing the experience in gaming arena.
  • It is easy to learn and implement.
  • It is platform independent, i.e., it works on all the operating systems.

Structure of Html

This is the basic template or barebone structure of HTML.

Boilerplate

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Headings

There are six headings available in HTML, H1 is the largest among all, and H6 is the smallest.

<h1> Tag

<h1>Heading 1</h1>

<h2> Tag

<h2>Heading 2</h2>

<h3> Tag

<h3>Heading 3</h3>

h4 Tag

<h4>Heading 4</h4>

h5 Tag

<h5>Heading 5</h5>

h6 Tag

<h6>Heading 6</h6>

Container

Container tags are the tags that contain some data such as text, image, etc. There are several container tags in HTML.

div tag

div tag or division tag is used to make blocks or divisions in the document.

<div> This is div block </div>

span tag

span is a container for inline content

<span> This is span block </span>

p tag

Paragraph

<p> This is a paragraph </p>

pre tag

pre tag represents pre-formatted text

<pre> Hello World </pre>

code tag

code tag is used to represent source codes

<code>
import python
</code>

Text Formatting

Text formatting tags are used to format text or data of HTML documents. You can do certain things like creating italic, bold, strong text to make your document look more attractive and understandable.

<b> tag

<b>I'm bold text</b>

<strong> tag

<strong>I'm important text</strong>

<i> tag

<i>I'm italic text</i>

<em> tag

<em>Emphasized text</em>

<sub> tag

<sub>Subscript</sub>

<sup> tag

<sup>Superscript</sup>

Lists

Lists can be either numerical, alphabetic, bullet, or other symbols. You can specify list type and list items in HTML for the clean document.

<ol> tag

Ordered list starts with <ol> tag and each list item starts with <li> tag

<ol>
<li>Data 1</li>
<li>Data 2</li>
<li>Data 3</li>
</ol>

<ul> tag

<ul>
<li>Your Data</li>
<li>Your Data</li>
</ul>

Media

Media is anything that is present in digital form such as image, video, audio, etc.

<audio> tag

It is used to embed sound content in the document.

<audio controls>
<source src="demo.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">
Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

<img> tag

It is used to embed or import image in a webpage.

<img src="Source_of_image" alt="Alternate text">

<video> tag

It is used to embed video in the webpage.

<video width="480" height="320" controls>
<source src="demo_move.mp4" type="video/mp4">
Your browser does not support the video tag.
</video>

Table

A table is a collection of rows and columns. It is used to represent data in tabular form.

Table Structure

<table>
<caption>Demo Table</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Column1</th>
<th colspan="2">Column2</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Data1</td>
<td>Data2</td>
<td>Data2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Data1</td>
<td>Data2</td>
<td>Data2</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Data</td>
<td>Data</td>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</table>

Links

Links are clickable text that can redirect you to some other page.

<a> tag

<a> or anchor tag defines a hyperlink.

<a href="https://www.codewithharry.com/">Visit CodeWithHarry.com!</a>

Form

Sample Form

Form is used to collect user's input, generally user's data is sent to server for further processing.

<form action="/action.php" method="post">
Name: <input name="name" type="text" /> <br />
Age: <input max="90" min="1" name="age" step="1" type="number" value="18" /> <br />
<select name="gender">
<option selected="selected" value="male">Male</option>
<option value="female">Female</option>
</select><br />
<input checked="checked" name="newsletter" type="radio" value="daily" /> Daily <input name="newsletter"
type="radio" value="weekly" /> Weekly<br />
<textarea cols="20" name="comments" rows="5">Comment</textarea><br />
<label><input name="terms" type="checkbox" value="tandc" />Accept terms</label> <br />
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

Characters & Symbols

Some symbols are not directly present on the keyboard, but there are some ways to use them in HTML documents. We can display them either by entity name, decimal, or hexadecimal value.

Copyright Symbol (©)

&copy;

Less than (<)

&lt

Greater than (>)

&gt;

Ampersand (&)

&amp;

Dollar ($)

&dollar;

Random Text

Elon Musk

Elon Reeve Musk FRS is an entrepreneur and business magnate. He is the founder, CEO, and Chief Engineer at SpaceX; early stage investor, CEO, and Product Architect of Tesla, Inc.; founder of The Boring Company; and co-founder of Neuralink and OpenAI. A centibillionaire, Musk is one of the richest people in the world.

Semantic Elements

Semantic elements are those elements that are self describable, i.e., from their name itself, you can understand their meaning.

<section> tag

It defines a section in the document

<section>This is a section</section>

<article> tag

It represents self-contained content

<article> Enter your data here </article>

<aside> tag

It is used to place content in the sidebar

<aside> Your data </aside>

 

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